The Awakening Essays (813 words) - The Awakening, Grand Isle, Edna

The Awakening The Awakening The Awakening, composed by Kate Chopin, recounts to the tale of a lady, Edna Pontellier, who experiences a change from a dutiful housewife to an individual who is bursting at the seams with quality, character and feelings which she no longer needs to subdue. This transformation is molded by her environmental factors. Similarly as her conduct is all the more stunning and appalling due to her situation in Grand Isle society, it is that very position which makes her vibe controlled and causes her to long to revolt. Adele Ratignolle is Edna's dear companion and partner. Anyway the two ladies are not much. Adele is the ideal housewife and mother, and the exemplification of what a Creole lady ought to be. Adele carries on with her life for her youngsters, continually being certain that they are appropriately thought about, dressed, and instructed. Not at all like Adele, whose life is satisfied through cherishing and thinking about her kids, Edna is ?attached to her youngsters in a lopsided, indiscreet way.? By the by, her kids are insufficient to legitimize her life. Adele can not see how Edna could state that she ?[will] never penance herself to her youngsters, or for anybody.? Edna's being is taking on another significance in her life. She is beginning to acknowledge exactly that it is so imperative to be consistent with herself. She obliges the state of affairs expected to be, holds her socials, and keeps an eye on her home until she becomes mindful that she needs more from her life. Additional ly, Edna's union with Leonce is protected, however there is no enthusiasm or fervor. She essentially ?[grows] attached to her significant other, acknowledging with some unapproachable fulfillment that no hint of energy or over the top and imaginary warmth shading her love.? While this absence of feeling is sufficient to fulfill Edna for most of her marriage, after she starts to permit her actual self to approach, she feels caught and looks for an approach to get away. She understands that she need not fit the form of the run of the mill Creole lady. Her way of life chokes out her. Notwithstanding her way of life, Edna's conduct is all the more stunning and appalling in view of her situation in the public eye as a lady. Like Edna's relationship with her youngsters is her relationship with her better half, Leonce. The Grand Isle society characterizes the job of spouse to be full commitment towards their significant other and to benevolence for your better half. Edna never sticks to the general public's definition, even toward the start of the novel. For instance, different women at Grand Isle ?all [declare] that Mr. Pontellier is the best spouse on the planet.? Edna is ?compelled to concede she knew about none better.? By utilizing words like ?constrained? what's more, ?concede? Chopin outlines Edna's actual emotions towards Leonce. In addition, Edna's open relationship with Robert, a solitary man is absurd. For example, Robert and Edna share the late spring warmth of the Gulf as they softly talk. Robert ?speaks a lot about himself.? By the by, they talk about t he breeze, the delight they have while swimming?all the things that disappoint Mr. Pontellier. The scene Chopin portrays is a scene for sweethearts. Likewise, Edna has no enthusiasm for watching her kids. Truth be told, Leonce gives a ?quadroon nurture? to care for their youngsters. Edna longs to revolt by doing all the things that are not expected of her. She swims at some random hour of the day. As indicated by her better half it is ?imprudence: to swim in such warmth. Notwithstanding her swimming, Edna breaks the social code, which gauges a lady's decency by the cut of her dress, the length of her gloves and the shade of her composition. Leonce discloses to Edna she is ?copied to the point of being unrecognizable.? Ultimately, Edna's mission to revolt is captivated by Mademoiselle Reiz, who is a splendid piano player. Mademoiselle Reiz's ability is to some degree lost on the others on the island. They can't value her masterfulness, as does Edna on the grounds that Reiz doesn't accommodate their concept of what an appropriate lady ought to be; she is capricious and intense. Her music contacts Edna to the very center of her being. Something inside her is mixed, and she feels alive like at no other time in her life. Edna regards Reiz in light of the fact that sh e has the fortitude to appear as something else.

6 Ways Entrepreneurs Can Diversify Their Wealth

6 Ways Entrepreneurs Can Diversify Their Wealth Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 Ways Entrepreneurs Can Diversify Their WealthUpdated On 20/04/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2pKn6h7 CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogDiversification is one of the most effective ways to enjoy a greater degree of financial stability over time. However, some ways are better than others. Let us look at six methods which are often utilized by those who are looking for a secure future.1. Think Beyond Domestic AssetsMany novice traders are only comfortable within their domestic marketplace. This self-limiting perspective will hamper your need for stability. Experts recommend that international companies should represent between 8 and 12 percent of your total holdings (1).2. Do Not be Afraid to Enter Into New SectorsNovelty is the spice of life, and this is just as true regarding market diversification. Traders who only adhere to one o r two sectors are likely missing out on the bigger picture. Perform research to determine which areas might be the most appropriate for your investment strategy.3. Short- and Long-Term OptionsAll experts agree that one of the primary advantages associated with long-term investments involves their stability over time. However, these rarely allow you to capitalize upon short-term gains (such as those associated with the Forex marketplace). A well-balanced portfolio should contain both short- and long-term positions, as they are associated with higher degrees of liquidity.4. Analysing Your Risk ToleranceFrom an investment standpoint, risk can be broken down into these two general categories:How much you are willing to take.How much you are financially capable of handling.Younger investors tend to focus on the first factor as opposed to the second. While there is nothing inherently wrong with a high-risk portfolio, you need to be able to analyze your holdings and decisions for any weak points. Failing to use modern trading tools can quickly break your strategy, so be certain that digital resources provide you with the necessary clarity if you happen to need to make a snap decision.READChoosing The Right SEO Services For Your Small Business Needs5. Leveraging Your TalentsNotwithstanding investment-related advice, there are some other ways in which entrepreneurs can diversify their wealth. One standard approach is to leverage skills that might not be utilized within your traditional place of business. For instance, those who have a talent for writing can provide their expertise to third-party agencies that will pay handsomely for quality texts. The key takeaway point here is to select a skill that will give a higher degree of fiscal stability.6. Real EstateThis is one of the more traditional methods in regards to diversification. While somewhat of a long-term goal, the fact of the matter is that a real estate investment can provide you with a superior degree of fina ncial security if you monitor the markets and appreciate bullish trends. Lets also not forget that these ventures are great ways to battle inflation if the properties are rented. Your cash flow will rise concurrently with cost of living increases.These are six innovative and effective ways to enjoy a higher degree of diversification while still planning ahead for the future. Please feel free to modify such suggestions based on your unique entrepreneurial needs.

Drinking While Behind The Wheel - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1883 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Drunk Driving Essay Did you like this example? Drinking While Behind The Wheel: Fun That Affects Many People Christmas time is supposed to be a magical time of year, and also a time that brings a family together. These two concepts of Christmas now mean something very different to my family. After a family Christmas that was going great just like every year, then the unexpected happened. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Drinking While Behind The Wheel" essay for you Create order Phones of family members began to ring from everywhere, with news no one wanted to hear. My cousin Zach had left the gathering to head home when he suddenly was hit head-on by a drunk driver. The news was horrible, but thankfully the Christmas magic was on our side and allowed him to walk away from the accident with only minor injuries. Many people dont realize all the effects behind alcohol, and getting behind the wheel. Drunk driving is one of the leading causes of death in the United States and affects more people than one may think. Alcohol is very harmful to people in several different aspects. When alcohol enters a persons body, it causes several changes to take place. One major thing that the appearance of alcohol in the blood stream causes is the lagging of major control centers in the body. The amount a person consumes is put into categories of a level, and a decimal, or BAC. The levels range from a level one to a level five. A person is classified into these by the percent of alcohol in the body and the traits/symptoms he or she may be showing. The traits or symptoms can range from a change in mood, senses, judgment, movement, becoming nauseous, breathing and heart rate (Mendralla and Grosshandler 16-18). Even if a person has only had one drink and his or her body may seem perfectly normal, some of these changes have already begun to happen. Many people dont realize that alcohol doesnt digest in your body, it soaks into your blood and the walls of organs like fluid to a paper towel (Mendralla and Grosshandler 16). Due to people thinking that by only having a few drinks their bodies are completely fine, they tend to believe that they are perfectly capable of completing normal tasks they do such as driving. The most common person to get in an accident among those who drink and drive is a binge drinker (Galbicsek). As stated in the article The Dangers of Drunk Driving: The Truth Brought to Life, One in three people will be involved in an alcohol-related accident in their lifetime. Also, the average drunk driver will drive 80 times impaired before an arrest This is scary to think that people are willing to stand back and watch as they allow friends and family to drive this many times under the influence. Madigan Army Hospital did a model high-speed crash and recorded what happened every second of their seven-tenths of a second time frame. They wanted to see what kind of damage and stress was put on the vehicle and a person in the accident. In this short amount of time, the car becomes torn apart and the person would have begun to experience injuries (Mendralla and Grosshandler 28-30). By standing back and watching them leave is putting many people in harm. This bystander has not only let a possible friend, family member, or acquaintance leave and advance the possibility of endangering themselves, but also the possibility of another driver. Along with involving the other innocent driver, the drunk driver has now involved many other people. Out of these, some are put in danger whether they were in the accident or not. First responders, police, and the bartender, and possibly the boss of the bar that person was recently being served at are now at risk. Often times the thought of the victims and your own family also being affected gets looked past. By standing back and watching, one may have just let several people be put in a bad place or even allowed another death due to drunk driving. When drinking, some intoxicated people may go out on the roads but they arent thinking about the consequences that they may end up facing later that night. There are many laws that have been put in place to help enforce no use of alcohol behind the wheel. In the United States, it is now illegal for anyone over the legal drinking age to have an alcohol content of .08 while driving (The Dangers). This law also goes along with driving recreational vehicles. Drinking underage is illegal itself, but there is zero tolerance for drinking and driving (Galbicsek). Now, thinking about the statistics of how many times a person will drive under the influence without getting caught allows for people to feel a sense of security that tonight wont be the night they get caught. Their luck will soon run out and the laws will soon come into effect. The consequences they will face depends on several things such as if they were pulled over or in a wreck, and if theyve ever been charged with a DUI (driving under the influence) before. A person pulled over as a first-time offender will most likely be charged with a misdemeanor due to no injury or deaths being present (DMV). If this is someones first offense they can look to face fines, required education classes, probation or community service, and the possibility of their license being suspended. Many of these penalties will carry over for multiple time offenders, but they will also face more harsh ones like jail time, house arrest, an impounded car, or an ignition interlock system being installed (The Dangers). The driver may also be charged with a felony offense if there has been an accident involving a death or injury, extremely high BAC, several convictions, or a child was involved (DMV). Besides these consequences, this person will face more than they may have thought of. Consequences that will pertain to his or her everyday life such as guilt from the accident they may have caused, missing out on opportunities from due to this being on their record or the possibility of losing their job or license will soon begin to appear. This can also cause long-lasting things to stay with them throughout a long period of time like this permanently being on your record and increased insurance rates. After being charged with a DUI the drivers insurance company may increase his or her rates dramatically or force them to find a new company due to dropping them completely (The Dangers). These laws that have been put in place to protect everyone. Drinking and driving are not to be taken lightly and laws will be enforced. If someone chooses to disobey the law they once again are endangering themselves and many others. They also are creating a history for themselves that will stay with them for quite a while. These laws help ensure that the irresponsible drivers hopefully learn a valuable lesson if they choose to disobey. There are many ways to prevent drunk driving. A lot of it has to do with personal planning and the morals of the individual to begin with. If people understand the consequences that can happen from drunk driving before they make the decision to go and drink, it may help them in the long run. There are many little planning details that can help with determining if that person will make it home that night alive, or even without facing charges or injuring someone else. If a person plans to drink they should plan for a way home, whether that means having someone with you be designated to stay sober and drive, or by calling a taxi, family member, or friend. If a bystander knows that someone is drunk and is attempting to drive, it is important someone tries to stop them by taking their keys and distracting them while someone arranges them a sober ride (United States Department of Transportation). This may be very difficult for some because they dont like confrontation. The driver may become defensive or even upset with everyone for getting in the way of their plan to drive, but the peers should never give in (The Dangers). If people can be strong enough to tell their closest friends or family they are making a life-threatening decision knowing they make be at risk of upsetting that person getting upset will eventually help influence their decisions of what they should consider after drinking. It may be a long night for the person standing up to someone bad desire but they will most likely end up regretting getting upset and be very thankful to have a strong person to watch over them and their decisions. Everyone has the power to help keep each other safe and are responsible for making their own good choices. If anyone sees an intoxicated person on the road, report them so they arent given more time to potentially seriously injure themselves or others (United States Department of Transportation). Always wear a seatbelt when on the road to protect yourself from the possible drunk driver on the road. It is important that people become susceptible to the laws set for drinking and driving. If they understand that they arent set to ruin fun times, but instead to help protect everyone. Of age drinkers dont have to stop the party, they just need to make sure they have a plan for their transportation before a drop of alcohol touches their lips. If they feel they arent strong enough to follow through with the plan, they need to find someone that will hold them to it. Its very important to understand all these things to be able to protect everyone. Drunk driving will forever change the lives of many people. December 28, 2016, the life of Parker Sturgis was forever changed. Parker had been at a party and decided it was time to go home; his judgment was very shaky due to his consumption of alcohol. He felt he didnt need to listen to his friends and stay the night at the house of the party host or find a sober driver. Parker left and was then in a tragic accident; his mind had begun to play tricks on him as he thought he had seen a deer and swerved. The vehicle then hit a culvert and rolled three times, finally ejecting him through the windshield causing him to lose his life. If Parker had just called his family and asked for a ride or stayed at the party, he would still be here. His death has affected many of his fellow friends and family forever. It is very important to know that the choice you make of getting behind the wheel after drinking will cause many other people to have to deal with the consequences, too. Works Cited The Dangers of Drunk Driving: The Truth Brought to Life.. SR22InsuranceQuotes, 2013, www.sr22insurancequotes.org/dangers-of-drunk-driving/. Drinking and Driving Effects of Drinking Alcohol. Alcohol Rehab Guide, www.alcoholrehabguide.org/alcohol/crimes/dui/. Mendralla, Valerie, and Janet Grosshandler. Drinking and Driving, Now What? Rosen Pub.,2012. Nebraska DUI DWI Laws Enforcement. DMV.ORG, www.dmv.org/ne-nebraska/automotive-law/dui.php. United States Department of Transportation. Drunk Driving. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 2016, www.nhtsa.gov/risky-driving/drunk-driving.

Teaching And Coach For Elif Canan Was Born Of Modern...

Kemal Cem TÄ ±rak First Draft 101A 5/8/15 ELIF CANAN ONAT Her name is Elif Canan Onat. She is the Chairman of Modern Languages Department in Bahà §eÅŸehir University (BAU) Foreign Languages School. She is an asset for BAU because she has an admirable career in terms of education, skills and ability. She uses success factors such as motivation and illustration with examples, and educational methodologies to teach and coach. Her main goal is to improve her students’ understanding of life nationally and internationally. Although many academicians are only interested in their studies and thinks that they are just responsible to know their own task, she sees being an academician as a way of life with her students and studies and believes that an academician needs to be a multi-tasking person. She has an admirable career in terms of education, skills and ability. Elif Canan was born in September 16, 1967 in Ankara. She graduated from Hacettepe University in 1991. She has had a double degree from literature and education. She was employed as a translator and redactor in TRT Ankara Television. Then, she was employed as an Administrative Coordinator in Bilgi University Preparation School in 1997. She was one of the founders of Bilgi University Academic English Department in 2002. Then, she was promoted as Level Coordinator in Bilgi University between 2005 to 2007. She transferred to Bahà §eÅŸehir University as a founder of Modern Language Department in 2008. She had her Master’s

Anita Desais The Village by the Sea Imagery,...

In the novel The Village By the Sea, the author Anita Desai effectively conveys the protagonists Hari and Lila facing and overcoming change in a traditional culture through the experiences they surpass. The use of various techniques including imagery, juxtaposition and foreshadowing embody the significance to adapting to change, to stay strong and the importance of kindness. This assists in informing the reader of change through the families experiences in the novel. A constant theme displayed through the novel is the importance of kindness and humanity, which is represented through the experiences faced by Hari and Lila. This is shown to be thoroughly important as it essentially leads to survival in some of the situations represented,†¦show more content†¦The protagonist Hari conveys this in the novel by making the most of the situation he is in, such as when he is in Bombay. He takes the opportunity to learn new skills, which he realises at the end can assist him in the future and cope with change as he is now educated and able to pursue further then he has before. â€Å"Saw that it was possible to have a future, that one did not remain where one was stuck always but could move out and away and on† enforces the idea that Hari has unintentionally gained a future, because he has adapted to the situation. Hari also displays maturity and independency when he has to transform his lifestyle in the Sri Krishna Eating House and he descr ibes it as â€Å"the meanest and shabbiest restaurant he had ever seen.† The descriptive language in the imagery â€Å"layers and layers of grime and soot with which the walls were coated. The ceiling was thick with cobwebs that trapped the soot and made a kind of furry blanket over ones head† shows the condition Hari has to adapt to, when he realises he has to become accustomed to this if he wants to progress with his life. As Hari has adapted to the transformation in his lifestyle while in Bombay, the realisation of how his life can be changed when he returns to Thul becomes evident through these experiences. Another aspect of adapting to a changing lifestyle is shown through the

Concept of Corporate Strategy-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1. Identify the concept of corporate objectives and evaluate an organisation with information available in the public domain. 2. Discuss marketing orientation concepts (i.e. the marketing concept, the selling concept or production concept). Explain with examples which concept your organisation follows. 3. What is your organisation's core marketing strategy? Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the current marketing strategy and explain how this strategy will help your organisation reach its corporate objectives. Answers: 1.The concept of corporate strategy states the well-defined goals of the company. This involves the internal strategies of the organization and the aims and objectives it has. Most of the goals are focused on the time frame that the company has set in order to achieve the goal. It includes the strategies that should be adopted in order to achieve success. The organization taken into consideration in this particular assignment is the clear products of unilever (Care, 2018). Clear scalp and beauty therapy products offers shampoos, conditioners and treatment that nourishes the scalp that is the foundation for strong, healthy and beautiful hair. The company has inherited a structured corporate strategy. They are clearly stated and they are clearly mentioned in the internal document of the companys norms. They focus on providing the best quality product that keeps up the expectations of the customers. They aim at building a sustainable living commonplace. In order to have a clear vision the company has adopted a long term strategy of brands that would deliver growth in order to benefit all the stakeholders. They focus on innovation of their products (Lockrey, 2015). The company follows the three marketing orientation concepts. Marketing concept Product concept Production concept 2.The company pays huge attention in advertising the products. This includes advertising the products in television, in newspapers, in banners and hoardings. This is called the marketing concept. Most importantly the company pays attention in taking feedbacks from the customer. For example, the customers are asked to submit a feedback form on online websites. These actions are practiced by the company. This increases the brand image of the company in the market. This enables the company to improve their products and set up good reputation in the market (Lockrey, 2015). The other concept that is practiced by the company is production concept. The concept reveals the fact that the customers will favor products that they can get at affordable rates. The company maintains the price of the products. They further focus on the efficiency of the production. For example, this is used by the company in two situations, firstly, when the demand for the products exceeds the cost and secondly when the cost of the product is too high. The final concept adopted by the company is the product concept. This concept contains the fact that the consumers opt only for those products that are innovative and that have the best quality. The company maintains the quality of their products and they work on innovation of their products. For example, the company has come up with the customized solution for men and women. They also have included nutrium 10 that was the innovation of the company in the year 2011. It was presented to the worlds largest skincare specialists at the International Academy of Cosmetic Dermatologys World Congress. This was indeed a successful step adopted by the company (Kotler, 2015). 3.Core marketing strategy of the organization The marketing strategy of the company can be analyzed by the PEST analysis and te SWOT analysis: PEST: The political factor for unilever was global and a successful one. There was an abolition of the hair care products consumption tax in the year 2006 which cleared all the hurdles from the path of growth of the company. It gave the company more chances to promote the consumption of the products and make price more expandable. The economic factor in many countries has been a benefit for the organization. The company was able to make huge profit in the places where the economic condition was well developed. It was able to expand the business in all over the world. Clear shampoos aimed to capture the dandruff market. The company highlighted the concept of trust and it planned to launch a series of trust theme activities. Famous stars endorsed the products of the company. The company has adopted the latest technology for the treatment of dandruff and let the people have a clear and neat scalp. The technological progress has helped the company to customize the shampoo according to the scalp of men and women (Kohli Harich, 2015). SWOT: The strength of the company is the quality of the products and the variety of products. The weakness is the price of the products is high. It should be such that everyone can afford the same. Clear brand focuses only on hair products. They have the opportunity to work in some other department like skin treatment. The biggest threat of the company is the rivalry it faces. The company faces tough competition in the market (Kanagal, 2015) References Care, P. (2018). Clear. [online] Unilever Australasia. Available at: https://www.unilever.com.au/brands/personal-care/clear.html [Accessed 27 Mar. 2018]. Kanagal, N. B. (2015). Innovation and product innovation in marketing strategy.Journal of Management and marketing research,18, 1-25. Kohli, C. S., Harich, K. R. (2015). Creating Brand Names: Strategic and International Considerations. InProceedings of the 1996 Multicultural Marketing Conference(pp. 1-2). Springer, Cham. Kotler, P. (2015).Framework for marketing management. Pearson Education India. Lockrey, S. (2015). A review of life cycle based ecological marketing strategy for new product development in the organizational environment.Journal of Cleaner Production,95, 1-15.

Effectiveness of Carbon Tax in Environmental Sustainability

Introduction The question of environmental sustainability remains the most appropriate subject in ecological economics. With the evident increased knowledge on the effects of emitting pollutant gases into the environment, nations around the world continue to struggle to minimise environmental degradation using various mechanisms.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Effectiveness of Carbon Tax in Environmental Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On this end, greenhouse gases are one of the most feared causes of environmental degradation and exhaustion of the Ozone layer. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that have detrimental effects on environmental sustainability. Emission of carbon gases into the atmosphere results in the greenhouse effect, which leads to the weakening of the Ozone layer. Consequently, a weakened Ozone cover paves a way for Ultraviolet rays that can cause skin cancer. It also creates a way for acid rains that cause corrosion of buildings and destruction of plants. Moreover, melting of natural icecaps in the Arctic regions has also occurred. To avert this situation, various governments, including the government of Australia have enacted control mechanisms such as the carbon tax, which involves taxing all carbon containing products. However, despite the increased use of carbon tax, the world greenhouse effects continue to be felt. Climate changes continue to increase. Carbon tax has been compromised. It only benefits governments through revenue while not averting the negative consequences of carbon dioxide on the environment. However, few researchers have focused on establishing whether the use of carbon tax is still a feasible venture in ensuring environmental sustainability. This proposal seeks to bridge this gap by establishing the effectiveness of carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability. Research Questions The proposal will seek answe rs to the following questions: To what extent is assessing the social cost of carbon effective in enhancing environmental sustainability? How does the assessment of carbon leakage enhance environmental sustainability? How feasible is the use of border adjustment tariffs or bans in promoting environmental sustainability? How effective is taxation of petroleum products in enhancing environmental sustainability? Research objectives This research will seek to achieve the following objectives:Advertising Looking for proposal on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To investigate the extent to which assessing the social cost of carbon is valuable in enhancing environmental sustainability To find out the effectiveness of assessing carbon leakage in enhancing environmental sustainability To evaluate the extent to which the use of border adjustments tariffs and bans is efficient in promoting environmental sustainab ility To investigate the efficacy of taxation of petroleum products in boosting environmental sustainability Explanation of the Problem According to Metcalf (2007), the problem of increased carbon emission into the atmosphere is one of the world’s environmental economics paradoxes. Greenhouse effect has resulted in the rising of world temperatures, penetration of harmful ultraviolet rays, and acid rains that destroy human beings, animals, plants, and structures. In addition, despite governments and environmentalists intervening using methods such as carbon tax the and cap-and-trade formula, the greenhouse effect of carbon emission continues to cause storms, floods, and melting of world’s snow caps, for example the Arctic (Hasegawa Salant 2014). According to Morozov (2012), researches have asserted that by the end of the 21st century, there will be no ice in the Arctic area. Backus (2012) observes the possibility of having very little icecaps in the Arctic by 2030. Mo reover, researchers from the US have revealed the possibility of low ice cover in the Arctic as early as the summer period of 2015. Professional intervention measures such as the use of carbon tax have been compromised of only benefiting governments through tax levies with little contribution in solving the problem of environmental degradation. Carbon duty is charged on all carbon-containing energies depending on their level of carbon elements. Despite efforts to adapt carbon tax by many countries such as the US, China, and the European Union, climatic patterns continue to change because of carbon emissions. Few researches have focused on examining the effectiveness of the widely adopted carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability. This proposal will address specific problems that result from the current carbon tax plan. For example, it will investigate the extent to which assessing the social cost of carbon is effective in enhancing environmental sustainability among other objectives. Literature Review This chapter presents the existing literature on the effectiveness of carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability. The literature is presented in the form of theoretical and empirical review. The paper summarises the reviewed literature while citing the available gaps that the proposal intends to seal. A conceptual framework is also presented. Theoretical Review This study will be based on the economic theory of environmental sustainability. According to Agarwal and Narain (1991), the economic theory presents natural capital as a key facet of growth and development whose continued existence should be assured. Emission of carbon gas and other greenhouse gases by industries results in the diminution of the Ozone layer.Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Effectiveness of Carbon Tax in Environmental Sustainability specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The situation is associated wi th dangerous environmental impacts. Agarwal and Narain (1991) advise that sustainable development should ensure a balance between environmental and economic development. Therefore, the application of this theory will look into the impacts of various measures under the carbon tax procedures and their efficacy in ensuring sustainability of the environment. Empirical Review According to Metcalf (2007), David Gordon initially projected carbon tax back in 1973. Since then, many countries have moved to implement carbon tax in their effort to control carbon pollution. Carbon tax that is levied on pollution requires countries to enact laws that guide the execution process. Thus, carbon tax is considered a Pigouvian tax since it is an externality that affects third parties (Conefrey, Fitz, Malaguzzi 2007). Carbon tax is charged according to the marginal damage to the third party, which in this case is the negative externality of CO2 to the environment. Various evaluation approaches have bee n adopted across the world. Assessing the Social Cost of Carbon According to Strand (2013), carbon tax can be estimated using the social cost of the carbon element. Assessments are made on the marginal cost of every one ton of CO2 that is released to the environment at a certain time. Elliot et al. (2010) cite that the evaluation begins by analysing the amount of carbon in the atmosphere at a given point together with its effects on climate. The evaluation shows the effects of every ton of carbon dioxide that is released into the environment at a given time on the climate. Strand (2013) further asserts that although a discount on the impact of carbon emission is allowed due to time variations, comprehensive and market compliant social cost of carbon estimations can be used in setting carbon tax. Nevertheless, Metcalf (2007) reveals how various scholars have challenged the social cost of carbon approach with the argument that it is affected by market variations. Disparity in markets makes the social cost of carbon estimation an unstable and erroneous method of basing carbon tax. Calculation of the quantity of pollution that emanates from carbon dioxide is estimated using its mass. Therefore, scientists measure the mass of carbon dioxide molecules that are emitted into the environment. The results give a quantity of carbon dioxide referred to as a ton of carbon dioxide. Therefore, estimations of the amount of carbon dioxide to be taxed are made per ton. Elliot et al. (2010) observe that some scientists only calculate the population of carbon atoms that are present in the polluted environment.Advertising Looking for proposal on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This process involves calculating the weight of carbon molecules only while eliminating any present oxygen atoms (Repetto 2013). The resulting amount is a ton of carbon, which is equal to four ton of carbon dioxide. However, scientists and environmentalists continue to debate on the accuracy of the SCC as a basis of estimating carbon tax based on the wide standard deviation between the actual values and the estimated values of the total amount of carbon that is emitted into the environment by a particular industry within a given time. The wide disparity is associated with lack of consensus by environmental scientists on various aspects of climate change (Nishida Hua 2011). For example, scientists continue to differ on the amount of carbon that can eventually cause climate changes. In addition, different countries accord varying discount rates on carbon emission, thus making the calculations inconsistent. However, efforts to regulate and standardise social cost of carbon evaluation are ongoing. They are expected to develop better results. As Metcalf (2007) confirms, countries that apply the social cost of carbon evaluation in levying tax on carbon emission are more focused on the impact of carbon emission on their environment than on the accuracy of the method. Environmentalists hold that social cost of carbon is more accurate within a country than across international borders since the environment is relatively similar. Assessment of Carbon Leakage Elliot et al. (2010) present the international community as a body that is also concerned with carbon leakage. Carbon seepage refers to the impact that policies of carbon production in one motherland can have on another in cases of disparities in the systems. Strand (2013) further affirms that carbon leakage has both negative and positive impacts. For example, spill over results in a reduction in the overall effectiveness of the effort to reduce the total emission. According to Barclay (2012), in the evaluation of carbon leakage, the total impact should be arrived at through an analysis of both short-term and long-term effects. The impacts of short-term leakage, for example in the developing countries, may seem minimal. However, when they are combined with the increased emission from industrialised countries, they cause much harm. In developing countries, there may be a positive leakage because of the low demand on fossil fuels compared to the situation in developed nations. Developed nations can meet their energy demands by substituting fossil fuel with coal. This plan significantly reduces their carbon emission. Therefore, developed nations are required to give incentives to developing nations to cater for carbon leakage (Yakao 2014). Use of Border Adjustments, Tariffs, and Bans According to Luo and Tang (2014), there have been an outcry by the international community following border adjustments, tariffs, and bans based on the witnessed variations in carbon tax. Some countries are keen to levy carbon tax while others do not. Barclay (2012) observes how international environmental concern groups have called for the application of tariffs, tax, and trade bans on countries that do not exercise carbon tax. The premise is that if border tax is levied, it can cater for carbon emissions that result from imported goods that come from countries that do not levy carbon tax. Carbon tax can also be pushed through trade bans or enactment of tariffs on countries that have not enacted policies on carbon tax. However, such acts can be punishing to a country that does not levy carbon tax, especially at a point where the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has not enacted any laws on how taxes on climate pollution should be levied. Taxing Petroleum Products Luo and Tang (2014) assert that carbon emission can also be evaluated directly through the amount of petroleum products that are consumed in a country. Products such as gasoline, diesel, jet fuel, and petrol are taxed. Each product is c harged according to the amount of carbon it holds. However, the effectiveness of taxation on petroleum products is questioned since prices of petroleum products have not deterred people from consuming more of these products. Development of lower energy consuming vehicles can work better. The following conceptual framework shows the dependent and independent variables that yield to environmental sustainability. Methodology The methodology section will deal with the description of methods that will be used to carry out the study. The subsections include research design, study location, target population, sampling procedures and sample size, research instrumentation and their validity and reliability, methods of data collection, and data analysis. Research Design The study will adopt descriptive survey research design to study the effectiveness of carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability. According to Kothari (2008), descriptive research is concerned with conditions that a lready exist, practices that are already held, ongoing processes, and developing trends. Descriptive survey research design is the most appropriate when the purpose of a study is to create a detailed description of an issue (Saunders et al. 2012). Since the study will look into the effectiveness of carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability, the descriptive design will be appropriate for the study. Target Population The study will be conducted in manufacturing industries in the central district of Australia. Environmental sustainability officers in the 29 industries will form the population for this research. The research will further collect data from the District Environmental Sustainability Officer (DEHO). Hence, the population for this research will be a universe of 30 individuals. Sampling Procedure According to Saunders et al. (2012), a sample is a portion of a population that is being studied. It represents the larger population. It is used to draw inferences about the population. The sampling procedure is widely used in the social sciences as a way of gathering information concerning a population without having to measure the entire population (Cooper Schidler 2011). The study will employ a census of 30 respondents. This technique was arrived at because the target population is small and hence the reason why all people will be interviewed. Instrumentation The following section describes the instruments that will be used to collect data from the respondents. Data Collection Instruments The study will employ two data collection instruments, namely questionnaires and the interview schedule. The questionnaires will be used to collect information from the environmental sustainability officers in the sampled industries. According to Cooper and Schidler (2011), a questionnaire is easy to administer. Questionnaires also reduce biasness since the researcher’s opinions will not influence the respondents in answering questions in a certain manne r unlike if it were telephone or face-to-face surveys. The questionnaires will be divided into two sections, namely A and B, which will contain both open-ended and close-ended questions. Section A will aim at gathering the environmental sustainability officers’ demographic and background information. Section B will aim to establish the effectiveness of carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability. Interview schedules will collect more information from the district environmental sustainability officers. This particular instrument was selected because DEHOs are resourceful individuals who have a good knowledge of environmental sustainability trends in the district. They will shed more light on the effectiveness of carbon tax in enhancing environmental sustainability. The main advantage of the interviews is that the researcher (interviewer) can modify the questions if needed, clarify doubt, and/or ensure that respondents understand the questions by repeating or rephrasin g them if need be. Instrument Validity Bryman and Bell (2011) present validity as the degree to which a test measures what it is expected to determine. For this study, content validity will be used. The researcher will ensure content validity by consulting a well-informed supervisor in the department of environmental sustainability. The researcher will also seek input from colleagues and statisticians. Instrument Reliability Kothari (2008) defines dependability as a measure of the degree to which a study tool records steady observations after constant experiments. Reliability of the instruments will be established through a pilot study. According to Orodho (2005), a population of 10% of the sample is sufficient for piloting instruments. The instrument will be pretested in three manufacturing industries in the neighbouring eastern district. Test-retest technique of reliability will be then employed whereby the pilot questionnaire and interview schedule will be administered to the res pondents twice within a two-week interval. The researcher will use the Cronbach’s alpha to determine the reliability of the instrument. A Cronbach’s alpha of 0.8 and above will be taken as acceptable reliability. Data Collection Procedures On an agreed date, with the assistance of enumerators, the researcher will administer the questionnaires and the observation checklist. Data Analysis Kombo and Tromp (2006) define data analysis as the interpretation of collected raw data into useful information. After the questionnaires and interview schedule are returned, all responses will be assembled for completion, organisation, and analysis. Descriptive statistics will be used to analyse the quantitative data. The researcher will present the data in frequency and percentage tables, bar graphs, and pie charts. Qualitative data will be organised into themes and patterns, which will be categorised through content analysis. The themes will then be tabulated. Computer software, name ly the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 19.0, will be employed. Generalisability The findings of this research will be replicable and applicable elsewhere with similar carbon tax conditions as the studied population. These regions may include other districts in Australia and/or other countries that have adopted carbon tax in a bid to ensure environmental sustainability. Generalisability will be assured through proper sampling and sampling procedures (Bryman Bell 2011). Ethical Issues Ethical issues in dealing with the respondents will be put in place. Such issues will include secrecy of identity of the respondents. For example, all respondents will be required not to reveal their names or any other details that may be used to identify their individuality on the questionnaires. Consent Forms The researcher will seek an authorisation letter from the department of environmental sustainability at the university. The authorisation letter will be used to apply for a research permit from the National Council for Science and Technology before embarking on the data collection exercise. The permit for the study will be presented to the central district DEHO before commencing the research. Upon authorisation, the researcher will then make appointments with the environmental sustainability officers of the sampled industries. Timescale The table below shows the different research activities and their duration. For effective research process, the researcher will adopt the following schedule to ensure that each activity is undertaken within the set time and duration. Activity Time Research Proposal Development and Writing Jan 10– March 2015 Research Piloting April 2015 Preparation of Research materials and Data Collection April-May 2015 Research Data Analysis 1-15 June 2015 Final Research Report Writing 18-31 June 2015 Submission of the Final Research Report for Approval July-August 2015 References Agarw al, A Narain, S 1991, ‘Global warming in an equal world’, International Journal of sustainable development, vol.2 no. 1, pp. 98-1-4. Backus, G 2012, ‘Arctic 2030: What are the consequences of climate change?: The US response’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 68 no. 4, pp. 9-16. Barclay, R 2012, ‘Regulatory Economics: Saved by the Carbon Tax?’, Natural Gas Electricity, vol. 29 no. 4, pp. 31-32. Bryman, A Bell, E 2011, Business research Methods, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Conefrey, T, Fitz, J Malaguzzi, L 2013, ‘The impact of a carbon tax on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Ireland’, Journal of Environmental Planning Management, vol. 56 no.7, pp. 934-952. Cooper, R Schrinder, S 2011, Business Research Methods, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Elliot, J, Foster, I, Kortum, S, Munson, T, PÃ ©rez, F Weisbach, D 2010, ‘Trade and Carbon Taxes’, American Economic Review, vol. 100 no. 2, pp. 465-4 69. Hasegawa, M Salant, S 2014, ‘Cap-and-trade programmes under delayed compliance: Consequences of interim injections of permits’, Journal of Public Economics, vol. 119 no. 1, pp. 24-34. Jeffers, J 2010, ‘Climate Change and the Arctic: Adapting to Changes in Fisheries Stocks and Governance Regimes’, Ecology Law Quarterly, vol. 37 no. 3, pp. 917-977. Kombo, K Tromp, A 2006, Proposal and thesis writing: An introduction, Pauline’s Publications Africa, Nairobi. Kothari, R 2008, Research methodology; Methods and techniques, New Age International Publishers, New Delhi. Luo, L Tang, Q 2014, ‘Carbon tax, corporate carbon profile and financial return’, Pacific Accounting Review, vol. 26 no. 3, pp. 351-373. Metcalf, G 2007, A Green Employment Tax swap: Using a Carbon Tax Swap to Finance a Payroll Tax Relief, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC. Morozov, Y 2012, ‘Arctic 2030: What are the consequences of climate change?: The Russia n response’, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, vol. 68 no. 4, pp. 22-27. Nishida, Y Hua, Y 2011, ‘Motivating stakeholders to deliver change: Tokyo’s Cap-and-Trade Programme’, Building Research Information, vol. 39 no. 5, pp. 518-533. Orodho, J 2004, Statistics made user friendly for education and social sciences research, Masola Publishers, Masola. Repetto, R 2013, ‘Cap and Trade Contains Global Warming Better Than a Carbon Tax’, Challenge, vol. 56 no. 5, pp. 31-61. Saunders, K, Lewis, P Thornhill, A 2012, Research Methods for Business Students, Pearson, Harlow. Strand, J 2013, ‘Strategic climate policy with offsets and incomplete abatement: Carbon taxes versus cap-and-trade’, Journal of Environmental Economics Management, vol. 66 no. 2, pp. 202-218. Yakao, Y 2014, ‘Policy learning and diffusion of Tokyo’s metropolitan cap-and-trade: making a mandatory reduction of total CO2 emissions work at local scales’ , Policy Studies, vol. 35 no. 4, pp. 319-338. This proposal on Effectiveness of Carbon Tax in Environmental Sustainability was written and submitted by user Shania S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.